The appearance of fake news on
websites and social media has inspired scientists to develop a "vaccine"
to immunise people against the problem.
A University of Cambridge study devised psychological tools to target fact distortion.
Researchers
suggest "pre-emptively exposing" readers to a small "dose" of the
misinformation can help organisations cancel out bogus claims.
Stories on the US election and Syria are among those to have caused concern.
"Misinformation
can be sticky, spreading and replicating like a virus," said the
University of Cambridge study's lead author Dr Sander van der Linden.
"The
idea is to provide a cognitive repertoire that helps build up
resistance to misinformation, so the next time people come across it
they are less susceptible."
The study, published in the journal Global Challenges, was conducted as a disguised experiment.
More than 2,000 US residents were presented with two claims about global warming.
The
researchers say when presented consecutively, the influence
well-established facts had on people were cancelled out by bogus claims
made by campaigners.
But when information was combined with misinformation, in the form of a warning, the fake news had less resonance.
Fabricated
stories alleging the Pope was backing Donald Trump and his Democratic
rival Hillary Clinton sold weapons to the so-called Islamic State group
were read and shared by millions of Facebook users during the US
election campaign.
The world's largest social network later announced new features to help combat fabricated news stories, and there is pressure on Google and Twitter to do more to tackle the issue.
Meanwhile, German officials have reportedly proposed creating a special government unit to combat fake news in the run-up to this year's general election, while a senior Labour MP only last week warned that British politics risks being "infected by the contagion".
What is fake news?
The
deliberate making up of news stories to fool or entertain is nothing
new. But the arrival of social media has meant real and fictional
stories are now presented in such a similar way that it can sometimes be
difficult to tell the two apart.
There are hundreds of fake news
websites out there, from those which deliberately imitate real life
newspapers, to government propaganda sites, and even those which tread
the line between satire and plain misinformation, sometimes employed to
suit political ends.
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