Facebook stalls in lawsuit alleging its facial recognition tech violates Illinois law:;
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An Illinois law is proving a thorn in Facebook’s side as a class
action lawsuit, alleging mishandling of biometric information, moves
toward trial. The latest developments in the case have the social
network objecting against releasing or even admitting the existence of
all manner of data, but the plaintiffs aren’t taking “objection” for an
answer.
The case revolves around a 2008 state law known as the Biometric Information Privacy Act.
BIPA basically makes it illegal to collect or use biometric data, such
as a “scan of hand or face geometry,” without rigorous disclosure of
methods, intentions and guarantees regarding that data. The class action
suit, filed in mid-2015, alleges that Facebook has knowingly failed to
perform this disclosure for its many Illinois users.
Separate suits have been filed against Shutterfly, Snapchat and
Google. The Shutterfly suit was settled, and Snapchat’s sent to
arbitration. The Google case is technically ongoing, but the company
argues that analysis of digital photos doesn’t count as biometric data,
nor could an Illinois law prevent a California company from performing
such analysis outside Illinois. Facebook has likewise fought the suit,
aiming for dismissal under similar arguments.
The clear-headed Judge James Donato determined in May that while
proceeding under California law was something users had agreed to, it
was unenforceable, as it would amount to “a complete negation” of
non-California protections such as those found in BIPA. And as for the
idea that a “scan” must take place in person, he called that
interpretation “cramped” and noted that the law itself is so worded as
to potentially include such “emerging” methods as bulk digital analysis.
So the case proceeded, and the parties at odds have fallen to squabbling over the details. Specifically, the plaintiffs say that Facebook must provide documents
regarding the lobbying effort against BIPA that suddenly began after the
case failed to be dismissed — State Senator Link proposed an amendment
(at the urging of such lobbyists, opponents alleged) that would exclude
digital images from BIPA provisions. The amendment was never adopted,
but we intend to look into it nevertheless, as its changes would have
been suspiciously beneficial to the companies under threat from the law
as it stands — and who claimed to not be subject to it anyway. Documents
from a case in Ireland with some similarities are also requested, as
are some related to patents and source code surrounding Facebook’s
facial recognition technology.
Facebook, for its part, has objected to just about every word in the
dictionary. In a document filed in September, Facebook objects to the
definitions of: biometric identifiers, faceprint, face Template,
face recognition, face finding, stores, name and location, user,
created, uploaded, relevant time period, Facebook, defendant, you, your, and in fact all other “definitions” and “instructions” in the plaintiff’s interrogatories.
Facebook denies the implication that it has created, stored or used
any biometric identifiers whatsoever, even though it’s beyond a doubt
that it does, by any reasonable definition of the terms. It also claims
that it does not maintain records on whether photographs contain people,
a claim that seems at odds with basic facts regarding how its tagging
and facial recognition processes work.
There are legitimate objections, as well, of course: a request for a
printed copy of the source code is indeed “frivolous,” for instance, and
although Facebook tracks location, it doesn’t necessarily know the
legal residence of a given user, so requests for that (critical for a
class action relying on state jurisdiction) are also unable to be
fulfilled.
The company also offers some rather thin-sounding excuses, dismantled
convincingly by the plaintiffs, as to why it can’t provide information
on its lobbying efforts against the law it is accused of violating, as
well as documents related to the Ireland case. And, as the plaintiffs
point out, what few documents it has provided are often heavily
redacted. A public version of one redacted document was found, in fact,
and the redacted information was far from confidential — the plaintiffs
argue — highly relevant. It doesn’t speak well for the other redactions,
they say.
I
am not a lawyer, of course, but the court records show Facebook in a
poor light: evasive, pedantic and stalling for time. It is
understandably wary of exposing the inner workings of its facial
recognition systems to an unsympathetic judge in a state with strong
protections against practices it is conceivably (some would say
assuredly) taking part in. And the repercussions of a company whose
services transcend borders being forced to conform to a state law like
this could be far-reaching.
But time is running out: The deadline for discovery is in early
February, and it’s hard to see how Facebook can continue to balk at
providing some of the documents in question without provoking the ire of
the judge. A call is scheduled for January 5 to resolve some of these
disputes, and Facebook’s next court filing may successfully object to
the objections to the objections to the objections mentioned above (but
we’ll leave that to the judge to decide).
I’ve contacted both Facebook and the law firm representing the
plaintiffs — Robbins Geller Rudman & Dowd — and will update this
post if either offers any comment. We will also be following this case
as it develops, as it could prove a landmark one in terms of how
biometric data is handled and disclosed by major companies like
Facebook.
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